Ceramic tile is a mixture of clays and other natural materials. The special clays are mined from the earth, shaped, colored and than fired in kilns. Traditional ceramic tile can be naturally colored and left unglazed like terra cotta, or they can feature colored or highly designed surfaces which can be glazed (finished with a glass surface) either in a high gloss or matte finish. Most ceramic tile has either a white or red body coloration underneath the glazed, colored top layer.

Porcelain tile is a newer form of ceramic tile and extremly popular among homeowners. Porcelain tiles are composed of fine porcelain clays and fired at much higher temperatures than ceramic tiles. This process makes porcelain tile more dense, less porous, much harder and less prone to moisture and stain absorption than ceramic tiles. For these reasons, most porcelain tiles are suitable for both indoor and outdoor installations. Porcelain tiles are also harder to cut due to their density and hardness.

Unglazed porcelain tile is homogenous in terms of its through-body coloration. The color goes all the way through from top to bottom, so scratches or dings are less obvious and has better slip-resistance. Glazed porcelain tiles (meaning a glazing top top of the tile surface) may or may not have the same coloration from top to bottom because of the top glazed layer. Glazed porcelain tiles help seal the microscopic pores thus are easier to maintain than unglazed tiles. Because porcelain can be made to resemble stone, it is sometimes a better choice than Mother Nature’s natural products simply because it’s less porous and less prone to cracking.

However, not all ceramic or porcelain tiles are suitable for all areas. Tile products generally (although not all, due to the growing choice of imports) are wear-rated from low to high. Most manufacturers worldwide do meet international standards. Because all tiles are not rated for taking floor traffic, it&aposs important for consumers to select a tile appropriate for their project.

Regardless of whether you choose ceramic tile or porcelain tile for your decorating project you will find both types of tiles offer a variety of shapes and sizes in field tiles as well as some border and accent tiles. This will give you an almost unlimited amount of decorating options by mixing and matching different field tile sizes and shapes along with borders and accent tiles to really add pizazz and charm to your decor.

Rectified tile is often described incorrectly and is confusing for most tile buyers. It is simply tile that has been ground or sawed after firing to achieve a more precise tile size. Many tiles will vary slightly in size after being fired (both porcelain and ceramic tiles it is up to 1.5% variation) . By sawing or grinding the tiles after firing the manufacturer hopes to minimize the size variations from tile to tile. Although, at this time there are no set ANSI standards set for what the minimun variations are allowed for rectified tiles, it is strictly up to the tile manufacturer.

Credit: http://www.floorfacts.com/ceramic-porcelain-tile.asp

Shade variation in ceramic and porcelain tiles is a natural characteristic of kiln fired products and will vary to some degree from piece to piece and from batch to batch.

Some products have very little natural variation while others have an intentional substantial variation.
The Tile Variation Guide was developed to provide the prospective buyer with an overall indication of colour, shade, design and texture variations that can be expects with a particular tile product.
The variations have been graded from V1 to V4.

It is recommended that you layout a quantity of the tiles purchased to view any variations before tiling commences. If you are not satisfied with the variation in your tile product then you should immediately stop or not start laying the tiles and contact your tile supplier.
 
Tile Variation Guide
V1 – Uniform Appearance (minimal Variation)
Differences among pieces from the same production run are minimal. The tiles should have uniform appearance and minimal variation.
 
V2 Slight to Moderate Variation
Clearly distinguishable texture and or pattern within similar colours. The tiles have a slight to moderation variation in shade, design and texture.

V3 Moderate to Considerable Variation
While the colours present on a single pieces of tile will be indicative of the colours to be expected on other tiles, the design and or amount of colour on each piece may vary significantly. The tiles have moderate to considerable variation in colour, design, texture and overall appearance.

V4 Substantial Variation
Random colour differences from tile to tile, so that one tile may have a totally different colours form other tiles. Thus, the final installation will be unique. The tiles will have a substantial random variation in colour, design, texture and overall appearance.

Nerang Tiles is a multi award winning tile showroom with thousands of quality floor tiles and wall tiles on display at its Gold Coast tile showroom. Nerang Tiles has a range of floor tiles and wall tiles that have no, little, medium or high variation in a porcelain or ceramic tile. The range is huge and customers should also inquire about variation in their tiles. Remember that a sample of a tile is an indication of the colour only and more samples should be ordered to see the full variation in any tile ordered.

TILE MAINTENANCE
 
There are three phases in the process of cleaning and maintaining tiled surfaces. General cleaning and problem solving are addressed in the following pages.
 
PHASE ONE
 
DURING TILING AND PRIOR TO HANDOVER
 
We begin by stressing the importance of protecting tiled surfaces during the laying process and immediately prior to the area being used.
 
The tile layers are responsible for sweeping the floor prior to commencement and during the installation process, thus removing any grit or debris which may scratch or mark the surface of the tiles.
 
Regardless of the area you have tiled or the type of tile used, all products require adequate protection during the installation process and prior to handover.
 
In many instances other tradespersons will have to walk on the finished tiling to work in the area in question or adjacent locations.
 
Once the adhesive has set, and tiles can be subjected to foot traffic, the owner or builder should ensure that the surface is protected by covering the tiles with an appropriate protective layer – cardboard, plywood, building paper, felt or a proprietary product designed specifically for this purpose. Critically, the floor should be swept and be completely cleaned before the protective layer is applied, and any objects that may scratch the tiles surface should be removed.
 
In addition, other trades should be advised not to place tools, or tool boxes directly on the surface of the tiles. Care must be taken to avoid spills of plaster or paint. Loose sand and cement particles can scratch or mark tiles. Blue metal aggregate can scratch the hardest ceramic surfaces, when trapped in the soles of work boots.
 
Care should be taken to avoid dropping heavy objects, or dragging ladders and other equipment over the surface of the tiled floor.
 
Critically the tiled floor should be examined when work is completed, just prior to handover.
 
 

PHASE TWO
 
GENERAL CLEANING OF TILE SURFACES
Ceramic floor and wall tiles generally require minimal levels of care and maintenance. Nevertheless, it is important to understand how a particular tile surface should be cleaned and maintained. For example, the maintenance of regular glazed tiles, is different to the processes required to clean and maintain unglazed materials. Fortunately those processes are relatively simple to understand and apply.
 
Glazed Floor Tiles
Traditional glazed ceramic tiles and glazed porcelain floor tiles laid in residential homes require minimal maintenance.
 
Tiles laid in commercial environments or public spaces will require daily cleaning and maintenance.
 
In a residential environment the levels of cleaning and general maintenance are determined by the location of the floor tiles and the volume of foot traffic and general wear and tear the surface is subjected too.
 
In a busy home with multiple occupants, including children and pets daily maintenance may be required. In an apartment where grit and dirt are rarely transported to the apartment’s interior, or in a home occupied by minimal occupants, maintenance can be carried out on a weekly basis.
 
Regardless of circumstances the cleaning and maintenance processes required to clean and maintain glazed ceramic tiles or glazed porcelain tiles are identical, only the frequency will vary, in response to the number of occupants and the general levels of foot traffic.
 
Tiles are best kept clean by adopting the following simple steps and procedures.

• In circumstances where ceramic surfaces may be subjected to dirt or grit, brought in from the street or the garden, ensure that an appropriate entry mat is provided, or change footwear.
• Immediately wipe-up spills of any liquid that may create a slip hazard or dry and prove difficult to remove.
• Sweep floors with a soft broom.
• Vacuum when necessary.
• Wash floors with a solution of warm water and a soapless pH neutral cleaner.
• Frequently a combination of light sweeping and cleaning with a microfiber wipe is all that is required.
• If there is a build-up of grease the occasional use of a detergent which incorporates an organic solvent or a highly-alkaline detergent (pH9) will resolve the issue. Note that overuse of acidic cleaning materials may attack the grout or produce a haze on the surface of the tiles.

 
 
Textured Glazed and Unglazed Floor Tiles
There are a variety of unglazed ceramic surfaces which include:

• Natural (matt) porcelain
• Terracotta
• Quarry tiles

 
Natural (matt) finished porcelain tiles are generally impervious, which means that their surface is highly resistant to liquid spills and subsequent staining or a build-up of grime or dirt. However, in certain circumstances these surfaces are sealed to add a layer of protection which makes it easier to remove residual material.
 
Most terracotta tiles are relatively porous, so they are sealed to prevent spills of liquid being absorbed into the body of the tile.
 
Quarry tiles are generally impervious, but may be sealed to permit easy cleaning and removal of residual grime.
 
The general cleaning processes used to clean and maintain unglazed surfaces are:

• Use a pH neutral soapless cleanser. Avoid using detergents which are excessively acidic or alkaline, as they can cause irreversible damage to unglazed ceramic surfaces. In particular, avoid use of cleaners which contain wax, sodium silicate, or other additives which create a sticky residue that attracts dirt.
• Sweep, dust-mop or vacuum the surface.
• Dilute the chosen cleanser in warm water and apply using a mop and bucket. Large spaces may be cleaned using a mechanical scrubbing machine. Allow the cleansing solution to remain on the floor for sufficient time to penetrate and soften dirt or accumulated grime. Do not allow the solution to dry. Agitate, the surface mechanically or with an appropriate scourer or brush to disperse contaminating material, prior to completely removing the cleaning solution, using clean water. When using hand held or mechanical scourers, it is advisable to use ‘white’ pads to avoid scratching.
• Rinsing dirt water should be replaced frequently.

 
Remember, the final application of clean water actually removes the dirt.

• Remove any excess water with a wet-vac or mechanical scrubbing machine that has a suction function.

 
Wet Areas
 
In wet areas like showers and around swimming pools a build-up of various contaminants like body fat, oils, soap residue and liquid spills may occur. In humid conditions organic growth, algae and mould may appear. These potential contaminants can be removed with an appropriate, heavy-duty (problem solving) cleaner.
 
Slip-Resistant Tile Surfaces
Textured or profiled slip-resistant tile surfaces may attract various fibres, organic dirt and liquid substances which create a gradual build-up of grime. These surfaces will require regular maintenance, including the use of a rubber stubble or micro-fibre broom, to agitate and remove potential contaminants.
 
Large Areas

• Clean large floor areas with a rotary or cylindrical scrubbing machine.
• If the machine features a ‘suction drying’ function, ensure it is switched off.
• This will allow the water/cleaning solution to penetrate and dissolve layers of dirt and grime.
• Wait 15 minutes before repeating the scrubbing process, using water only.
• Rinse the floor thoroughly.
• The final rinse should remove all residue particles of dirt/grime.

 
In some instances use of a high power water-jet will be sufficient to remove loose particles of dirt. This will not damage the tiles, but it may erode cementitious grouts if the process is conducted regularly.
 
Polished Porcelain
Many leading European and Asian manufacturers produce polished porcelain tile. In layman’s terms, the manufacturer obtains a bright, highly polished, marble-like surface by grinding down and then polishing the hard surface of natural, unglazed porcelain.
 
In some instances, the polishing process may open micro-pores in the surface of the tile, which attract a build-up of grease or grime, or permit spills of liquid contaminants to seep into the surface of the tile creating a stain which may be difficult to remove.
 
Note: It is worth repeating that any spills should be wiped up as quickly as possible.
 
Sealing Polished Porcelain Tiles
Many manufacturers state that their polished porcelain tiles comply with International Standards Organisation (ISO) 13006 – 2013; 4.3.2-2(i), which classifies products that have a water absorption rate that does not exceed 0.5 per cent – Class B1a. In theory these products should not require sealing.
 
Unfortunately, some porcelain tiles although still within the required standard limits, have slightly higher rates of porosity which may result in a build-up of grime, dirt, discolouration and in some instances staining caused by liquid penetration.
 
Many responsible tile retailers recommend that all polished porcelain tiles are pre-sealed prior to laying. In addition, a number of tile manufacturers pre-seal products as part of the production process.
 
Your tile supplier will be fully aware of the best way to protect the surface of the polished porcelain products you purchase. If they advise that you seal the product, you should follow that advice.
 
If in doubt, you can conduct a simple test by using an eye-dropper to deposit small amounts of potential contaminants on the surface of a tile. Deposit small samples of red wine, ink, cooking oil and lemon juice on a tile’s surface, leave the substances on the floor for 15 to 20 minutes and then try to wipe the residue away. If any of them have seeped into the surface or leave a visible stain, the polished porcelain requires sealing.
 
The sealing process is relatively simple, some tile layers will carry out the task, or a sealing specialist can be consulted. Your tile supplier will undoubtedly recommend and probably supply an appropriate sealer.
 
Maintenance
In general terms, the maintenance of polished porcelain is similar to the processes used to clean and maintain regular glazed ceramic tiles and glazed porcelain. Sweep the surfaces regularly, mop carefully with a minimal amount of water, and vacuum or use micro-fibre wipes as required.
 
By sealing polished porcelain tile it is easier to clean and maintain the surface. The manufacturer of the sealing product will also supply products which can be used to carry out general maintenance of the sealed surface.
 
Always consult your tile supplier in relation to choosing appropriate seal and maintenance products. A choice will be made between topical sealers which sit on the surface and penetrating sealers. The latter type is usually preferred with polished porcelain.
 
Refer to the following chapter on Problem Solving for further advice.
 
Glazed Wall Tiles
Kitchen wall tiles can be splashed during food preparation and cooking processes, however these marks will not pose a problem, especially if they are promptly wiped away.
 
Bathroom wall tiles particularly in the shower where soap and shampoo residues will eventually develop a feint film which will detract from the overall appearance.
 
In some instances, the water supply may contain calcium carbonate or calcium sulphate, which can create a white stain.
 
A light wipe with a soft cloth will remove soap, shampoo and calcium before it dries.
 
If a problem develops it can be easily resolved by using warm water with a pH neutral cleaner, which will provide a clean, shining surface.
 
Harsh and abrasive cleaners should be avoided at all costs, especially on decorated feature tiles as some feature tiles contain a metallic finish that can be easily scratched. Your tile retailer can recommend a suitable cleanser.

PHASE THREE
PROBLEM SOLVING
In spite of the fact that ceramic tile is the simplest surface to clean and maintain, problems can occur. We have seen that tiles require minimal levels of maintenance. In some instances, problems are created by using inappropriate and often unnecessary cleaning and cleansing materials or by allowing stains (staining agents) to set on the tile surface for long periods. Light sweeping, light mopping with clean water and a pH neutral soapless cleanser, if absolutely necessary, will suffice.
 
In many instances, this task only needs to be completed once a week.
 
Specialist acidic or alkaline cleaners should only be used to resolve complex staining problems, which rarely occur in private dwellings. Avoid using cleaners which contain wax, sodium silicate, or any additives which may leave a sticky film on the floor that may attract dirt and a subsequent build-up of grime.
 
Many of the problems outlined below relate to tiles which have a textured or structured surface, these are usually unglazed products.
 
Grout Haze
This problem can occur on a variety of tiled surfaces. It is usually created when tile layers hastily complete the grouting process, without washing off residue grout effectively. Some contemporary ceramic products have slightly textured surfaces which can encourage grout to cling to the surface of the tile.
 
Tile layers should use a clean sponge and clean water to carefully remove excess grout, without dragging grout out of the grout joints. To do this effectively it is important not to commence the wash off process too soon. In addition, residue grout should be completely squeezed out of the sponge, and the water should be changed frequently.
 
On Warm days grout will dry quicker and will be more prone to adhering to the tile’s surface. In those circumstances, smaller areas should be grouted to avoid sections drying too quickly, leaving behind a feint residue that later proves difficult to remove.
 
In most instances a light grout bloom will become evident, this can be removed using a dry rag. If grout has not been washed off effectively, this bloom or haze may reappear making the surface look smeared, dirty or dull.
 
If this problem occurs, the owner needs to address it promptly, as the longer it is left unattended the harder it becomes to remove the residue grout film, which will attract additional grime.
 
In some instances, latex contained in grout improvers may be part of the problem, the cementitious element of the grout will have been removed, but feint traces of the latex element of the mix may remain.
 
At this point, many home owners resort to using general household cleaners which may contain a mild alkaline or mild acidic element, which may not prove successful. Latex is usually removed by using an appropriate solvent to release it from the surface. The floor should be thoroughly cleaned with water prior to application of the solvent.
 
Epoxy grouts are more difficult to remove. These should always be applied and cleaned strictly following manufacturer recommendations. Never leave residues on the tile surface.
 
Most epoxy grout manufacturers have specific dedicated products for the cleaning.
 
Fortunately, most of our leading manufacturers of adhesive and grout produce problem solving cleaners which will resolve the problem. If grout haze occurs, talk to your tile supplier for advice and consult with the tile layer to ascertain which grout was used.
 
Once the floor is cleaned it will no longer be necessary to use these special cleaners on a regular basis.
 
Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions to the letter. Conduct a test on a small out of the way section of the floor to check that the result is satisfactory.
 
Mould
This may occur in areas which lack adequate ventilation, it may be necessary to install an extractor fan. Mould can be removed by scrubbing with a scourer, using one of the following - bicarbonate of soda, methylated spirits, cloudy ammonia or epsom salts.
 
Wax Coatings
The popularity of porcelain products encouraged manufacturers to apply a light wax coating to the surface of each tile, to protect the surface of the tile from scratching during the packing, in transit and installation processes.
 
The majority of these wax coatings are water soluble, they can be removed using a water-based alkaline cleanser.
 
Before removing solvent based waxes let the cleaner dwell on the tile surface for 10 to 15 minutes to dissolve the wax. Your tile retailer can give you guidance.
 
You should check if your chosen porcelain tile has been coated with wax, your tile layer should be alerted prior to installation.
 
Overuse of High Alkaline Detergents
As previously stated, clean water and a mild pH cleanser will be suitable for cleaning the majority of tile surfaces. Use of alkaline or acidic cleaners will often create problems.
 
Alkaline cleaners should only be used to remove specific stains, they should not form a part of the regular maintenance programme.
 
Efflorescence
This problem usually occurs in external applications of unglazed ceramic materials and natural stone.
 
Efflorescence usually appears on the surface of a tile or around the joints in the form of a white powder. This unsightly problem is created by the transmission of liquid salts from below the tiles to the surface. In most new installations the residue can be swept or vacuumed away. The presence of excessive moisture is the prime cause of the problem.
 
In some instances the problem reoccurs, always remove every trace promptly to prevent hardening and subsequent calcification.
 
Specialist cleansers are available to treat the problem. These can only be employed when the source of the moisture is identified and if the problem persists a specialist should be consulted
 
Guide to Stain Removal for Unglazed Tiles
Unglazed surfaces undoubtedly present the greatest problem in regard to staining, as it is generally harder to remove liquid spills or other marks from textured or rough surfaces. Once again emphasis is placed on early removal. In addition unglazed products are frequently used externally because of their enhanced slip-resistance.
 
It is probably wise to seal unglazed, matt finished products laid externally around pools and in entertainment areas.
 
Listed below are some of the remedies which can be used to treat stains on unglazed tiles.
 
                                      STAIN                                    CLEANSER TYPE
                                      Daily Cleaner                          ph neutral cleaner
`                                     Cooking fats and oils`             Solvent based cleaner
                                      Ink                                          Acid based cleaner, Acetone
                                      Rust and Oxides                     Acid based cleaner
                                      Rubber                                   Solvent based cleaner
                                      Ice cream                               Solvent based cleaner
                                      Paint                                       Solvent based cleaner
                                      Coffee                                     Alkaline based cleaner
                                      Wax                                        Alkaline based cleaner
                                      Linseed oil                              Alkaline based cleaner
 
Note: Always read the manufacturer’s instruction carefully and test a small area first to check effectiveness.
 
Correct Use
The wrong cleaner is often chosen and in many instances cleaners are used incorrectly so adopt the following procedure.

1. Select the correct cleaning agent.
2. Apply the cleaner and allow it to dwell on the surface

(The chemicals need time to do their work – usually between 5-10 minutes)

1. Scrub and agitate the area to be cleaned
2. Periodically extract the dirt (and cleaning agent) from the surface (by wet or dry vacuum cleaner, squeegee or an absorbent cloth) to determine results.

(NOTE: Heavy duty cleaners must be extracted every time they are used).

1. Rinse the area with clean water. (Any cleaning agent left on the surface can accelerate contamination of the area).

 
To avoid long term issues immediately wipe-up spills of any liquid which could cause a stain.

Double Check the following Prior to Commencement
 
□ The correct tiles and quantities have been delivered.
 
▪ Ensure that all of the tiles which have been delivered are the correct type, and quantity.
 
Errors can occur and it is easier to resolve problems before fixing commences.
 
Tile suppliers generally may not recognise claims once tiles have been installed.
 
□ There are enough tiles to complete the job.
 
▪ The tile supplier may provide an estimate of the quantities you require, however the final responsibility rests with the purchaser via their contractor or tradesperson to confirm quantities which should always include allowances for wastage, cutting and spare tiles. If the laying pattern is complex or the tiles are difficult to cut, the percentage allowed for wastage should be increased.
 
Under measurement may result in a situation where the same tile or batch is not available.
 
If quantities are over-measured, the supplier may levy a handling charge to return excess products or they may simply refuse to accept returns.
 
□ The delivered materials are all the same Shade (batch) and Caliber.
 
▪ In most instances, tile batches are assigned a shade number and calibre. In the event of a shortage, it will be necessary to order the same shade and calibre. The markings are generally printed on the box. It is good advice to keep the marked section from one empty box of each type for later reference.
 
Shade variation is an inherent feature associated with tile production. It is the tiler’s responsibility to check the markings on all boxes before installation proceeds. If shade numbers are not checked properly, two batches may be installed in the same area. There is always a possibility that neither of these batches would be available if required.
 
Consequently the cost of remedying this error could be substantial and time consuming.
 
All shade and calibre markings must be checked prior to commencement.
 
Tile suppliers will not accept claims after materials have been installed.
 
Keep copies of all invoices and if possible record shade and calibre numbers.
 
□ The Tiler is aware of the exact positioning of any feature, listelli, borders, patterns, trims or accessories.
 
▪ Ensure that your fixer is conversant with your requirements in regard to the required laying pattern and the precise positioning of any borders or decorative feature tiles, trims or accessories.
 
He should also be aware of the required width of grout joints, movement joints and perimeter movement joints. The width of grout joints should also be agreed, in accordance with ISO or Australian Standards, or tile manufacturers’ written recommendations.
 
□ Ensure that defective tiles are not installed.
 
▪ Instruct your tiler to look for possible defective products, which have small but visible defects. Unfortunately, it is possible that a small number of tiles may be affected. In most instances, these products can be used for cutting.
 
Defective tiles should not be installed under any circumstances.
 
Once the tile fixer commences the job he has accepted (on the client’s behalf) the quality of the product. The tile fixer should be instructed (in writing if necessary), to cease work if defective products are discovered and to immediately contact the client who should in turn immediately contact the supplier. Work should not proceed in that particular area until the problem is resolved.
 
In general terms, suppliers will not recognise claims once tiles have been installed.
 
During Installation
 
It is highly recommended that the site be visited regularly to check that –
 
▪ The tiles are being installed as instructed.
 
▪ Any defective tiles are not being installed.
 
▪ Discuss any issues that may have arisen and how they will be resolved.
 
Tip: To protect yourself against any misunderstanding it is advisable to take dated notes of all discussions and agreements that you have with your tiler.
 
Post Installation
 
It is highly recommended that the tiling job is inspected and is acceptable in all aspects before making any final payments.

Nerang Tiles is an award winning tile showroom on the Gold Coast with thousands of quality floor tiles and wall tiles on display. Nerang Tiles aims to please every customer with the highest quality tiles and industry leading service. Customers are always advised to follow guidelines and double check all materials as well as their tilers work to ensure they get the best result.

Please contact Nerang Tiles should you have any questions about your tiles, the job before, during or after installation to see how we can assist and make sure your job is perfect.

A growing number of individuals take up the challenge associated with creation of their own tiling masterpiece. ATC members in all States and Territories can provide advice on tile installation practices. In addition they can supply tiling tools and related allied products including adhesive and grout.
 
Nevertheless, the vast majority of commercial and residential tile installations are completed by professional tile fixers.
 
Unfortunately tile layer registration, accreditation or endorsement is not compulsory in all States and Territories, so it is important to seek advice about reputable tradespersons who possess the necessary skills. ATC members in your area should be able to assist.
 
Before seeking their advice remember that some tile fixers specialise in laying specific products in certain environments. They may be totally competent working in domestic environments laying ‘regular tiles’, but inexperienced in commercial and industrial projects with different types of tile. Always ensure that they have gained appropriate experience laying the products you have in mind.
 
The following guidelines should assist.

1. Ask for a written quotation

It is very important for you to know the cost involved. A written quotation demonstrates that both parties understand what is required to achieve the desired outcome. The more detail in the quote, the better, as it assists in avoiding disputes at a later date.
 
You should agree on the price prior to any work starting.
 
Ask the tiler for their references, whether they are qualified and their trade experience.

1. Compare prices

Obtain two or three quotations. This will give you a realistic idea of how much the installation should cost. Remember that price is not the only criteria and that you may only get what you pay for.

1. Check references

A reputable tradespersons should always allow a client to make contact with two or three of their recent customers so that enquiries can be made about the quality of their work and their conduct on the job.

1. Ask yourself these questions

▪ Were the contractors easily contactable?
▪ Did they arrive on time?
▪ Do they appear content to do the job?
▪ Do they appear to have time to do the job?
▪ Was the quotation delivered on time, fairly priced and did it cover all work required?
▪ Has the tile layer returned my calls?
▪ Am I comfortable with this person to handle my work?

1. Look at the complete picture

Price is not everything. Lowest prices could mean poor workmanship, but the most expensive prices do not necessarily guarantee the best workmanship.
 
Remember that workmanship includes presentation, minimum amount of inconvenience, cleanliness and overall professionalism.
 
If the quotation is fair, the references are good, the timing is suitable and you feel comfortable that the tile layer understands what you are trying to achieve, it should be safe to proceed.

Nerang Tiles is an award winning tile showroom with thousands of quality floor tiles and wall tiles on display at its Gold Coast tile showroom. Visit in store for the best tile advice and to find out more information about how to choose the right tiler for your job.

The Australian Tile Council (ATC) exists to protect, educate and enhance the tile industry for the benefits of its members. It provides education and information, supported by a 200-page technical manual and this Tiling Guide.
 
Importantly all of its members are expected to abide by the ATC Code of Ethics.
 
Most of Australia’s leading resellers of ceramic tiles are ATC members.
 
The ATC is a national body which has a strong presence in all States and Territories.
 
Home owners and design/construct professionals seeking advice about tile selection and installation should visit www.australiantilecouncil.com.au to discover a list of retailers in their vicinity.
 
The local ATC member can provide the correct information on tile selection for specific projects and further advice on the critical aspects of ‘Selecting Your Tiler’ and creating a ‘Tiling Checklist’.

Nerang Tiles is a proud member of the Australian Tile Council with its award winning tile showroom located on the Gold Coast. Nerang Tiles has over 5000 floor tiles and wall tiles on display at its Gold Coast tile showroom at discount prices.

Visit in store to see an award winning tile showroom and find the floor tile or wall tile that suits you.

Porcelain
 
Many people talk about porcelain tiles as if they are an alternative to ceramic tiles, when in actual fact porcelain products are ceramic and according to ISO 13006-2013; 4.3.2 – 2(i) classed as group B1a, defined by water absorption of no more than 0.5%. In general terms they are the best, most widely used ceramic products. Porcelain tiles are widely available for use in commercial and residential environments.
 
There are three prime types:
 
Natural (matt)
These tiles are unglazed and the surface finish permeates through the entire body of the tile. The tile body is dense and compact. The product is frequently specified for use in areas subjected to high levels of foot traffic. The surface finish can be textured. Matt and polished products can be mixed together to produce an appealing aesthetic. Matt products are slip resistant and practically impervious.
 
Polished
This process produces a highly reflective surface when the surface of a matt porcelain tile is polished. This produces tiles which can look like polished marble. In certain circumstances the polishing process may open the micro pores which are present in the tile body. This potentially makes the surface of the product more porous and in some instances the surface may require an appropriate ex factory or post installation sealing regime.
 
Glazed Porcelain
This relatively new technology allows manufacturers to add a gloss or matt glaze to the body of a natural porcelain tile. This makes it easier to clean the surface of the tiles, protects against water absorption and the ingress of grime or dirt. These highly regarded products are used in numerous residential and commercial environments.
 
Glazed Tiles
Most glazed floor tiles are produced using the single firing (monocottura) process which simultaneously produces the body and the glaze. This process can be used with red or white body tiles. The tiles are formed by pressing. Several special firing techniques can be employed, including a form of dust pressing, in which the glaze is applied in powder form during the pressing process.
 
Glazed tiles are easy to clean, hard wearing and extremely resistant to staining.
 
White Body wall tiles (Terraglia)
White body tiles which are formed by pressing and subsequently fired twice, to produce decorative, relatively porous products which are frequently used on the walls.
 
Red Stoneware
Hard wearing, pressed, unglazed, red body products which are frequently used externally.
 
Cottoforte (Majolica)
‘Cotto’ or ‘terracotta’ is probably the oldest ceramic product. The red (or pink) tile body is usually quite porous and it may be necessary to seal all six sides of the tiles. Terracotta is very durable, and is favoured in external environments. The body is normally formed by pressing, but it may be extruded. Decorated Cottoforte (known as Majolica) is fired once to form the body. A second firing is employed to add decoration.
 
 
Slim Porcelain tiles and panels
Radical new manufacturing processes have evolved over the last 15 years, which have enabled tile manufacturers to produce slim (3 mm to 7 mm) thickness porcelain products in tile formats which range from 300 x 300 mm to 1000 x 1000 mm, to 1600 x 3200 mm giant slim panels of porcelain that can be fixed to innumerable vertical and horizontal, internal and external surfaces. These lightweight, easy to handle materials can be used on building facades, kitchen bench tops or over sound existing floor and wall surfaces. This process can significantly reduce the costs associated with removal of existing tiles and subsequent surface restoration.

Nerang Tiles is a multi award winning tile showroom with thousands of quality floor tiles and wall tiles on display at discount prices in its Gold Coast tile showroom. With the most extensive selection of tiles in Queensland including all types of floor tiles and wall tiles such as timber tiles, marble tiles, stone tiles and much more.

Visit in store to see the entire tile selection.

Quick, thorough initial cleaning is of fundamental importance and is necessary on all
types of ceramic tile to allow easy subsequent daily cleaning.

In the event of the failure to carry out this procedure properly, smears may be left which make it impossible to keep the floor clean in spite of thorough routine cleaning.

The floor must be washed thoroughly to remove cement and grout residues.

For cement-based grouts, clean within no more than 48 hours. For grouts containing latex or epoxy resins, cleaning must be carried out very quickly, since the components are very difficult to remove once set.

The recommended products for this type of cleaning are acid-based (see table of examples).
To clean, proceed as follows:
- Apply the acid product, diluted in a 10-20% solution to the surface.
- Wait 7/10 minutes.
- Clean with a vigorous scrubbing action, with suitable equipment by hand, or appropriate floor cleaning appliances (floor cleaners fitted with white felt brushes are recommended; do not use black brushes which leave a carbon residue). Take care to clean the whole floor as evenly as possible.
- Neutralise the acid solution by washing with plenty of water, hot if possible. Keep rinsing until all acid residue has been removed.

To aid in the initial acid cleaning operation, use of a special vacuum drier is recommended to prevent the water-acid solution from drying; if the solution dries to form a coating over the surface, the cleaning procedure will have failed. For structured products, with noticeable relief patterns or anti-slip surfaces, acid washing must be carried out as soon as possible after installation. Before washing with acid, excess grout should be removed with a sponge and water during the installation procedure itself. The effect of the washing operation should be tested on a spare tile before proceeding, especially in the case of honed or polished products.

After laying and cleaning, it is essential to take special care to protect the floor to prevent damage during finishing works on the site. The entire surface should be covered with cardboard of suitably thickness.

Extraordinary cleaning procedures are needed if the floor becomes stained or dirty with specific
substances due to accidents. In this case, professional, alkaline detergents, specifically developed for the type of dirt to be removed (see table of examples), are required. For effective extraordinary cleaning, we recommend the following:
1. Wash with water to remove superficial dirt
2. Apply the alkaline product diluted in a solution of about 3% to the surface. The detergent concentration can be gradually increased to deal with difficult cases where coatings have to be removed, or unusually tough stains.
3. Wait 7/10 minutes. For stubborn stains, the abrasive effect can be increased by using a dry powder soap, sprinkling it over the detergent at the end of the waiting time.
4. Clean with a vigorous scrubbing action. Use suitable equipment by hand, or appropriate floor cleaning appliances (floor cleaners fitted with white felt brushes are recommended; do not use black brushes which leave a carbon residue). Take care to clean the whole floor as evenly as possible.
5. Rinse with plenty of water, hot if possible. Keep rinsing until all residue has been removed.

Nerang Tiles is a multi award winning tile showroom with thousands of quality floor tiles and wall tiles on display at discount prices. With porcelain and ceramic tiles for both floors and walls on display and a range of tiling products you are sure to find what you are after at Nerang Tiles.

Visit in store to find out more information on tile cleaning products.

Ceramic materials are time-honoured, ancient products, which are used extensively in every internal and external aspect of our built environment.
 
Today, tiles can be purchased in an extensive variety of formats which vary in size from tiny mosaic tesserae to giant pieces of porcelain.
 
Tiles vary in thickness from 5 mm to 25 mm. Products are manufactured from mixes of clay, sand and a variety of natural substances which are fired at extreme temperatures which frequently exceed 1200 degrees Celsius. The blend of raw materials and the temperature they are fired at determine the nature of the tile, and its suitability for use in specific applications.
 
The firing process produces hard, rigid products which are fragile in certain circumstances. However, once tiles are correctly installed, they are capable of withstanding heavy loads, and substantial levels of foot traffic, without bending or deforming. At this stage they are highly resistant to abrasion and their resistance to impact is increased.
 
The final stage of the firing process ultimately determines the hardness of the product. The high temperature production process produces a surface finish which is easy to clean and maintain. Ceramic tiles are inert, they can be fully immersed in water without any change occurring. Significantly, the flames of a fire will not alter their structure.
 
Consequently, tile can be adhered to any internal or external, vertical or horizontal, wet or dry surface that has been correctly prepared.
 
To summarise, tiles are

Versatile
They can be laid in numerous residential and commercial applications.
 
Hardwearing/Exceptional Life Cycle
Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) studies have determined that correctly chosen and installed ceramic tiles materials can last as long as the building in which they are installed in.
 
Low Maintenance
The cost of periodic maintenance of floor finishes over a protracted extended period of time is expensive and constantly increases. Tile requires minimal maintenance.
 
Easy Cleaning
The vast majority of ceramic floor tile installations can be cleaned by sweeping away accumulated grit and light mopping or cleaning with a microfibre wipe.
 
Hygienic
The compact body of the product prevents impregnation by dirt, dust mites or other potential contaminants.
 
Fire and Heat Resistant
Tiles will not burn. The inert nature of the material determines that no toxins or volatile organic compounds (VOCs) will be released during a fire. Tiled surfaces delay the spread of fire, the surface cannot be burned or marked by a lit cigarette.
 
Chemical and Stain Resistance
Most ceramic materials are highly resistant to staining and have a very high resistance to a wide range of chemicals. Appropriate specified ceramic surfaces can be laid in laboratories, hospitals, abattoirs, or virtually any commercial environment. Many all genuine porcelain products are practically impervious, and highly resistant to liquid impregnation and subsequent staining. Glazed ceramic products do not stain.
 
Colour Fast
Even extreme levels of ultra violet and other forms of light (sunlight) have no effect on the colourfast nature of tiles either glazed or unglazed.
 
Energy Efficient
Tiled surfaces adapt to the air temperature of a room, which minimises heating and cooling costs. Under tile heating systems can be installed during the laying process. Clay products absorb heat and naturally release it when the ambient temperature falls. Porcelain tiles are particularly effective heat banks.
 
Anti-bacterial
Advanced ceramic products are produced with titanium dioxide fired into the surface of the tile producing hydrophilic properties which ensure that the tiles are extremely easy to clean. In addition an anti-bacterial effect is created, in the presence of any form of light the photocatalytic process produces O2 active oxygen which can decompose microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, moss, mould and viruses, even the antibacterial resistant ‘super bugs’ are destroyed, this process also breaks down the toxic emissions such as nitrous oxide from motor vehicles. These products can be most beneficial when used in hospitals, on building facades and in private homes bringing major health and environmental benefits.

Nerang Tiles is a multi award winning tile showroom with thousands of quality floor tiles and wall tiles on display at its Gold Coast tile showroom. With ceramic tiles, timber tiles, porcelain tiles, stone tiles, marble tiles, mosaic tiles and non-slip / outdoor tiles on display, Nerang Tiles ha everything under one roof.

Visit in store to receive exclusive in store tile discounts and to find the right floor tiles or wall tiles for you.